关于ORACLE通过file_id与block_id定位数据库对象遇到的问题引发的思考

在ORACLE中,我们可以通过file_id(file#)与block_id(block#)去定位一个数据库对象(object)。例如,我们在10046生成的trace文件中file#=4 block#=266 blocks=8,那么我可以通过下面两个SQL去定位对象

SQL 1:此SQL效率较差,执行时间较长。

SELECT OWNER,
SEGMENT_NAME,
SEGMENT_TYPE,
TABLESPACE_NAME
FROM DBA_EXTENTS
WHERE FILE_ID =&FILE_ID
AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS – 1;

SQL 2:此SQL效率较快(ORACLE 10g 中没有CACHEHINT字段)

SELECT OBJD, 
  FILE#, 
  BLOCK#, 
  CLASS#, 
  TS#, 
  CACHEHINT, 
  STATUS, 
  DIRTY 
FROM V$BH 
WHERE FILE# = &FILE_ID 
  AND BLOCK# = &BLOCK_ID; 
SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=&OBJECT_ID;

下面通过一个例子来演示一下,详情如下所示

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER ,
2 SEGMENT_NAME ,
3 HEADER_FILE ,
4 HEADER_BLOCK
5 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
6 WHERE OWNER=’TEST’ AND SEGMENT_NAME=’EMPLOYEE’;
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
———— ——————————– ———– ————
TEST EMPLOYEE 4 266
SQL>
SQL> SELECT OWNER,
2 SEGMENT_NAME,
3 SEGMENT_TYPE,
4 TABLESPACE_NAME
5 FROM DBA_EXTENTS
6 WHERE FILE_ID = 4
7 AND 266 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS – 1;
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME
———— ——————————– —————— —————–
TEST EMPLOYEE TABLE USERS
SQL>
SQL> SELECT OBJD,
2 FILE#,
3 BLOCK#,
4 CLASS#,
5 TS#,
6 CACHEHINT,
7 STATUS,
8 DIRTY
9 FROM V$BH
10 WHERE FILE# = 4
11 AND BLOCK# = 266;
OBJD FILE# BLOCK# CLASS# TS# CACHEHINT STATUS D
———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- –
76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N
76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N
76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N
SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=76090;
OWNER OBJECT_NAME
———— ————————————————————
TEST EMPLOYEE
clip_image001

昨天在群里讨论一个关于空闲块的问题时,我验证测试时,发现一个奇怪的现象,使用下面SQL找到了一个最大空闲块。

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) AS “表空间名”,
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB AS “表空间大小(M)”,
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB – F.TOTAL_BYTES AS “已使用空间(M)”,
TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB – F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),’990.99′)
AS “使用比”,
F.TOTAL_BYTES AS “空闲空间(M)”,
F.MAX_BYTES AS “最大空闲块(M)”
FROM
(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) F,
(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME
) D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME;
SELECT FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID, BYTES,BLOCKS
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=&TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER BY BYTES DESC;

然后我发现使用上面两个SQL查不到对应的对象。如下截图所示:

后面查了一下资料,发现在Oracle Database 10g引入了回收站功能后,会将回收站(RECYCLEBIN$)中的空间计算为自由空间,加入到dba_free_space字典中。在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql中,你可以找到视图DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义,脚本如下:

ORACLE 10g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义:

create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
(TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
and f.ts# = fi.ts#
and f.file# = fi.relfile#
and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
and u.ts# = fi.ts#
and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
and u.ts# = rb.ts#
and u.segfile# = rb.file#
and u.segblock# = rb.block#
and ts.bitmapped = 0
/
ORACLE 11g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义:
create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
(TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
and f.ts# = fi.ts#
and f.file# = fi.relfile#
and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
and u.ts# = fi.ts#
and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
and u.ts# = rb.ts#
and u.segfile# = rb.file#
and u.segblock# = rb.block#
and ts.bitmapped = 0
/

那么在DBA_FREE_SPACE中找到的最大空闲块是否很有可能就是回收站中曾经的一个对象呢?那么我们来测试看看。

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
recyclebin string on
SQL> CREATE TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT
2 AS
3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
Table created.
SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
3 WHERE OWNER=’ESCMOWNER’ AND SEGMENT_NAME=’TTT’ ;
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
———— ——————————– ———– ————
ESCMOWNER TTT 97 113025
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97;
ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
00007F57B2388CA0 222 1 9 97 524169 120
SQL> DROP TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT;
Table dropped.
SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$;
OBJ# OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME FILE# BLOCK# FLAGS SPACE
———- ———- —————- ———- ———- ———- ———-
805429 73 TTT 97 113025 30 896
SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
DBA Recyclebin purged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97 ;
ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
00007F57B2388CA0 222 1 9 97 113025 8
00007F57B2388CA0 225 1 9 97 524169 120
SQL>
clip_image003

如上所示,清空回收站对象后,你会发现X$KTFBFE中多了一条记录,KTFBFEFNO 和 KTFBFEBNO分别为97 ,113025, 这个值显然就是删除对象TTT曾经的FILE_ID(97)和BLOCK_ID(113025)值。

另外,在测试过程中发现,并不是每次的测试结果都是在X$KTFBFE中多一条记录,有时候记录不会变化,但是X$KTFBFE中某条记录的KTFBFEBNO会变化,而这个变化跟清空回收站是有关系的。如下案例所示:

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
recyclebin string on
SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST.TTT
2 AS
3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
Table created.
SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
3 WHERE OWNER=’TEST’ AND SEGMENT_NAME=’TTT’ ;
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
———— ——————————– ———– ————
TEST TTT 5 130
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
00002BA829B19558 150 1 6 5 1280 506752
00002BA829B19558 151 1 6 5 508032 16256
SQL> DROP TABLE TEST.TTT;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$;
OBJ# OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME FILE# BLOCK# FLAGS SPACE
———- ———- —————- ———- ———- ———- ———-
82820 85 TTT 5 130 30 1152
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
00002BA829B159D8 150 1 6 5 1280 506752
00002BA829B159D8 151 1 6 5 508032 16256
SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
DBA Recyclebin purged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
00002BA829B159D8 150 1 6 5 128 507904
00002BA829B159D8 151 1 6 5 508032 16256
SQL>
clip_image004

如上所示,在清空回收站的表以后,你查询X$KTFBFE,就会发现其中一条记录的KTFBFEBNO的变化了,它们的关系为

1280 -1152 = 128

所以,你会看到KTFBFEBNO的值从1280变为了128了。此时你查看DBA_FREE_SPACE,就会看到这样的情况。所以当清空回收站时,有可能是数据库将这个表的空间标记为了空闲块,也有可能是将这个空闲块合并到其它空闲块去了。

X$KTFBFE其实是这几个单词[k]ernel [t]ablespace [f]ile [b]itmapped [f]ree [e]xtents 的首字母。关于这个系统视图最深入的介绍,莫过于这篇文章谈谈Oracle dba_free_space,有兴趣可以验证、测试一下。

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的关于ORACLE通过file_id与block_id定位数据库对象遇到的问题引发的思考,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问欢迎给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的!


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