系统管理员 安装配置：Linux环境下安装配置Kafka
一、环境准备
jdk下载地址链接：下载地址
zookeeper下载地址链接：下载地址
kafka下载地址链接：下载地址
1.1 Java环境为前提
1.1.1 上传jdk-8u261-linux-x64.rpm到服务器并安装
# 安装命令
rpm -ivh jdk-8u261-linux-x64.rpm
1.1.2 配置环境变量
# 编辑配置文件,jdk的bin目录到/etc/profile文件，对所有用户的shell有效
vim /etc/profile
# 生效
source /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_261-amd64
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
# 验证
java -version
至此，jdk安装成功。
1.2 Zookeeper的安装配置
1.2.1 上传zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz到服务器，解压到/opt
# 解压zk到指定目录
tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz -C /opt
1.2.2 修改Zookeeper保存数据的目录，dataDir
# 进入conf配置目录
cd /opt/zookeeper-3.4.14/conf
# 复制zoo_sample.cfg命名为zoo.cfg
cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
# 编辑zoo.cfg文件
vim zoo.cfg
dataDir=/var/riemann/zookeeper/data
1.2.3 编辑/etc/profile，使配置生效
设置环境变量
ZOO_LOG_DIR，指定Zookeeper保存日志的位置；
ZOOKEEPER_PREFIX指向Zookeeper的解压目录；
将Zookeeper的bin目录添加到PATH中：
export ZOOKEEPER_PREFIX=/opt/zookeeper-3.4.14
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_PREFIX/bin
export ZOO_LOG_DIR=/var/riemann/zookeeper/log
配置完以后再生效配置：
source /etc/profile
1.2.4 启动Zookeeper，确认Zookeeper的状态
zkServer.sh start
至此，zookeeper安装成功。
1.3 Kafka 的安装与配置
1.3.1 上传kafka_2.12-1.0.2.tgz到服务器并解压
tar -zxf kafka_2.12-1.0.2.tgz -C /opt
1.3.2 配置环境变量并生效
vim /etc/profile
export KAFKA=/opt/kafka_2.12-1.0.2
export PATH=$PATH:$KAFKA/bin
source /etc/profile
1.3.3 配置/opt/kafka_2.12-1.0.2/config中的server.properties文件
vi /opt/kafka_2.12-1.0.2/config/server.properties
Kafka连接Zookeeper的地址，此处使用本地启动的Zookeeper实例
连接地址是localhost:2181
后面的myKafka是Kafka在Zookeeper中的根节点路径
配置kafka存储持久化数据目录
log.dirs=/var/riemann/kafka/kafka-logs
创建上述持久化数据目录
mkdir -p /var/riemann/kafka/kafka-logs
1.4 启动Kafka
进入Kafka安装的根目录，执行如下命令：
kafka-server-start.sh ../config/server.properties
启动成功，可以看到控制台输出的最后一行的started状态：此时kafka安装成功。
1.5 重新开一个窗口，查看Zookeeper的节点
1.6 此时Kafka是前台模式启动，要停止，使用Ctrl+C
如果要后台启动，使用命令：
kafka-server-start.sh -daemon config/server.properties
查看Kafka的后台进程：
ps -ef | grep kafka
停止后台运行的Kafka：
kafka-server-stop.sh
二、生产与消费
查看zookeeper状态，zookeeper启动成功，再启动kafka。
2.1 kafka-topics.sh 用于管理主题
查看命令的帮助信息
[root@master1 bin]# kafka-topics.sh
Create, delete, describe, or change a topic.
Option Description
—— ———–
–alter Alter the number of partitions,
replica assignment, and/or
configuration for the topic.
–config <String: name=value> A topic configuration override for the
topic being created or altered.The
following is a list of valid
configurations:
cleanup.policy
compression.type
delete.retention.ms
file.delete.delay.ms
flush.messages
flush.ms
follower.replication.throttled.
replicas
index.interval.bytes
leader.replication.throttled.replicas
max.message.bytes
message.format.version
message.timestamp.difference.max.ms
message.timestamp.type
min.cleanable.dirty.ratio
min.compaction.lag.ms
min.insync.replicas
preallocate
retention.bytes
retention.ms
segment.bytes
segment.index.bytes
segment.jitter.ms
segment.ms
unclean.leader.election.enable
See the Kafka documentation for full
details on the topic configs.
–create Create a new topic.
–delete Delete a topic
–delete-config <String: name> A topic configuration override to be
removed for an existing topic (see
the list of configurations under the
–config option).
–describe List details for the given topics.
–disable-rack-aware Disable rack aware replica assignment
–force Suppress console prompts
–help Print usage information.
–if-exists if set when altering or deleting
topics, the action will only execute
if the topic exists
–if-not-exists if set when creating topics, the
action will only execute if the
topic does not already exist
–list List all available topics.
–partitions <Integer: # of partitions> The number of partitions for the topic
being created or altered (WARNING:
If partitions are increased for a
topic that has a key, the partition
logic or ordering of the messages
will be affected
–replica-assignment <String: A list of manual partition-to-broker
broker_id_for_part1_replica1 : assignments for the topic being
broker_id_for_part1_replica2 , created or altered.
broker_id_for_part2_replica1 :
broker_id_for_part2_replica2 , …>
–replication-factor <Integer: The replication factor for each
replication factor> partition in the topic being created.
–topic <String: topic> The topic to be create, alter or
describe. Can also accept a regular
expression except for –create option
–topics-with-overrides if set when describing topics, only
show topics that have overridden
configs
–unavailable-partitions if set when describing topics, only
show partitions whose leader is not
available
–under-replicated-partitions if set when describing topics, only
show under replicated partitions
–zookeeper <String: urls> REQUIRED: The connection string for
the zookeeper connection in the form
host:port. Multiple URLS can be
given to allow fail-over.
[root@master1 bin]#
# 列出现有的主题
[root@master1 ~]# kafka-topics.sh –list –zookeeper localhost:2181/myKafka
# 创建主题，该主题包含一个分区，该分区为Leader分区，它没有Follower分区副本。
[root@master1 ~]# kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper localhost:2181/myKafka –create –topic topic_test –partitions 1 –replication-factor 1
# 查看分区信息
[root@master1 ~]# kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper localhost:2181/myKafka –list
# 查看指定主题的详细信息
[root@master1 ~]# kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper localhost:2181/myKafka –describe –topic topic_test
# 删除指定主题
[root@master1 ~]# kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper localhost:2181/myKafka –delete –topic topic_test
列出现有主题，创建主题，该主题包含一个分区，该分区为Leader分区，它没有Follower分区副本。
查看指定主题的详细信息
创建主题，该主题包含多个分区
多个分区：横向扩展
多个副本：高可用
2.2 kafka-console-consumer.sh用于消费消息
# 开启消费者
[root@node1 ~]# kafka-console-consumer.sh –bootstrap-server localhost:9092 –topic topic_test
# 开启消费者方式二，从头消费，不按照偏移量消费
[root@node1 ~]# kafka-console-consumer.sh –bootstrap-server localhost:9092 –topic topic_test –from-beginning
2.3 kafka-console-producer.sh用于生产消息
# 开启生产者
[root@node1 ~]# kafka-console-producer.sh –topic topic_test –broker-list localhost:9020
2.4 具体操作
开启消费者和生产者，生产并消费消息。
消费者，按照偏移量消费
消费者从头消费，不按照偏移量消费
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