Linux路由表添加下一跳地址 (linux添加路由信息下一跳地址)
Introduction
Linux operating systems are known for their robustness, scalability, and security. One of the key features of Linux systems is the flexibility offered by the netfilter/iptables framework, which allows system administrators to set up packet filtering rules to control network traffic.
In this tutorial, we will discuss how to add a next-hop address to the Linux routing table. We will start by explning the concept of a routing table, and then we will move on to the procedure for adding a next-hop address.
Routing Table
When a packet is sent from one device to another, it typically traverses multiple network devices (e.g., switches, routers) before reaching its destination. Each device that the packet passes through needs to know how to route the packet to the next hop on the path to the final destination.
The routing table is a key component of a network device’s routing infrastructure. It is a data structure that contns information about the avlable routes to different destinations in the network. Each entry in the routing table contns the destination IP address, the subnet mask, the interface to use to send packets to that destination, and the next hop address for packets that need to be forwarded.
When a packet is received by a device, the device examines the destination IP address and looks up the corresponding entry in the routing table. If there is a matching entry, the device uses the information in the routing table entry to determine the next device on the path to the destination, and forwards the packet on to that device. If there is no matching entry, the packet is dropped.
Adding a Next-Hop Address
To add a next-hop address to the Linux routing table, follow these steps:
1. Determine the destination network and subnet mask
The first step in adding a next-hop address is to determine the destination network and subnet mask for which you want to add the route. For example, if you want to add a route for the network 192.168.10.0/24, the destination network address is 192.168.10.0 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
2. Determine the IP address of the next hop device
The next step is to determine the IP address of the next-hop device on the path to the destination network. This could be the IP address of the next router on the path, or the IP address of the destination device itself if it is directly connected to the same network as the device you are configuring.
3. Add the route to the routing table
Once you have determined the destination network, subnet mask, and next-hop IP address, you can add the route to the routing table. This can be done using the “route” command. The general syntax of the command is as follows:
route add -net destination_network netmask subnet_mask gw next_hop_address
For example, to add a route to the network 192.168.10.0/24 with a next-hop address of 192.168.1.1, the command would be:
route add -net 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1
4. Verify the new route
Once you have added the new route, you can verify that it has been added to the routing table by using the “route -n” command. This command displays the contents of the routing table in numerical format.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we have discussed how to add a next-hop address to the Linux routing table. The routing table is a key component of a network device’s routing infrastructure, and it contns information about the avlable routes to different destinations in the network. By adding a next-hop address, you can configure the Linux system to forward packets destined for a particular network to a specific next-hop device on the path to the final destination. This can be useful in a variety of scenarios, such as when setting up a gateway device or configuring a complex network topology.
相关问题拓展阅读：
linux下如何设置路由？
1、查看本机路由信息
# ip route ls
192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.70.70
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.70
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
2、确认是否需要改变默认路由
# ip route replace default via 192.168.70.254 dev eth0 table main
# ip route ls
192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.70.70
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.70
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
3、建立特殊路由表
# vi /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
255 local
254 main
253 default
200 test
4、向test路由表中添加它自己的默认路由
# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 table test
注意：这个table test一定不要忘了写，否则写到了主路由表中穗族
5、先看看机器当前的ip rule
# ip rule ls
0: from all lookup local
32766: from all lookup main
32767: from all lookup default
可以看到，规则中走了3个路由表，local、main、default
我们平常用route看到的，实际是路由表main
这些规则是按序号大小顺序走的，一个不同，则走下一个，知道通路或走完为止
6、添加路由到路由表test中
# ip rule add to 59.76.0.0/16 preftable test
这个意思是说，蚂拆去向IP地址范围猜物弊为59.76.0.0/16的访问，则启用test的路由表中的路由规则
而test的路由规则是什么呢？上面已经设置了，走的是202.196.x.1的路由.
现在再来看一下当前的ip rule
# ip rule ls
0: from all lookup local
10000: from all to 59.76.0.0/16 lookup test
32766: from all lookup main
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