Linux中执行SQL文件的方法和位置 (在linux 怎么执行sql文件在哪里)
Introduction
Linux is an open-source operating system widely used for servers, embedded systems, and desktops. Many businesses use databases to store large amounts of data, and the Structured Query Language (SQL) is a powerful tool to manipulate and retrieve data from those databases. In this article, we will discuss various methods to execute SQL files in Linux and their respective locations.
Basics of SQL
Before diving into how to execute SQL files in Linux, let’s take a quick look at the basics of SQL.
SQL is a programming language designed for managing and manipulating relational databases. A relational database is a set of tables organized in a particular structure, where each table represents a specific entity, and columns represent attributes of that entity. SQL consists of a set of commands used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data from those tables.
SQL commands can be entered directly into the command prompt, but for complex queries or queries with large insertions, it is often more convenient to execute an SQL file. An SQL file is simply a text file that contns a series of SQL queries or commands.
Executing SQL files in Linux
There are several methods to execute SQL files in Linux. The most common methods include using command-line tools such as mysql, psql, or SQL*Plus, and using graphical user interface (GUI) tools such as DBeaver or MySQL Workbench. Let’s discuss each method in detl.
Using MySQL Command Line
MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system used for web applications. To execute an SQL file using the MySQL command-line tool, follow these steps:
Step 1: Open the terminal in Linux.
Step 2: Log in to MySQL using the following command:
mysql -u username -p
Here, replace ‘username’ with your MySQL username. The -p option prompts you to enter the MySQL password.
Step 3: Once you are logged in, change to the directory contning the SQL file using the cd command.
Step 4: Execute the SQL file using the following command:
mysql -u username -p database_name
Here, replace ‘username’ with your MySQL username, ‘database_name’ with the name of the database you wish to execute the SQL commands on, and ‘file_name.sql’ with the name of your SQL file.
Using PostgreSQL Command Line
PostgreSQL is an open-source relational database management system similar to MySQL. It is often used for mission-critical applications that require high avlability and scalability. To execute an SQL file using the PostgreSQL command-line tool, follow these steps:
Step 1: Open the terminal in Linux.
Step 2: Log in to PostgreSQL using the following command:
psql -U username -d database_name
Here, replace ‘username’ with your PostgreSQL username and ‘database_name’ with the name of the database you wish to execute the SQL commands on.
Step 3: Once you are logged in, change to the directory contning the SQL file using the cd command.
Step 4: Execute the SQL file using the following command:
psql -U username -d database_name -f file_name.sql
Here, replace ‘username’ with your PostgreSQL username, ‘database_name’ with the name of the database you wish to execute the SQL commands on, and ‘file_name.sql’ with the name of your SQL file.
Using Oracle SQL*Plus Command Line
Oracle SQL*Plus is a command-line interface for Oracle databases. It is often used for manipulating data in Oracle databases. To execute an SQL file using the Oracle SQL*Plus command-line tool, follow these steps:
Step 1: Open the terminal in Linux.
Step 2: Log in to Oracle SQL*Plus using the following command:
sqlplus username/password@database_name
Here, replace ‘username’ with your Oracle username, ‘password’ with your Oracle password, and ‘database_name’ with the name of the database you wish to execute the SQL commands on.
Step 3: Once you are logged in, change to the directory contning the SQL file using the cd command.
Step 4: Execute the SQL file using the following command:
@file_name.sql
Here, replace ‘file_name.sql’ with the name of your SQL file.
Using GUI Tools
If you prefer a graphical user interface, there are several tools avlable to execute SQL files in Linux, including DBeaver, MySQL Workbench, and Oracle SQL Developer. These tools offer a more user-friendly interface to execute SQL commands and scripts.
Conclusion
Linux provides several methods to execute SQL files, including command-line tools such as mysql, psql, and SQL*Plus, and GUI tools such as DBeaver, MySQL Workbench, and Oracle SQL Developer. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice ultimately depends on your personal preference and the database system you are working with.
相关问题拓展阅读：
Linux数据库:mysql下如何执行sql脚本_第2页
同样，可以手动执行sql文件，具体步骤如下:
1、使用root帐户登录到MySQL服务器;
2、执行source命令:
mysql>
source
c:/test.sql
注意:文件路径中建议行行使用“/”，如果使用“\”，要首先进行转义即“\\”，否则可能会出现错误。
另外还有一宽带轮个load命令可以批量插入数据，但是这个对文件中数据格式的要求比较严格，否则容易出现错误，很少使用慎信。
mysql
查看所有用户的语句
输入指令select
user();
例:(项目来源:尚学堂)struts_training_itemmgr.sql内容如下:
Sql代码
DROP
TABLE
t_items;
DROP
TABLE
t_data_dict;
CREATE
TABLE
t_items
(
item_no
varchar(20)
not
null
key,
item_name
varchar(20)
not
null,
spec
varchar(20),
pattern
varchar(10),
category
varchar(20),
unit
char(20)
);
CREATE
TABLE
t_data_dict
(
id
varchar(5)
not
null
key,
category
varchar(20),
name
varchar(30)
);
#
t_data_dict的初始化数据
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘B01′,’item_category’,’精通Spring2.X
Java
Web开发’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘B02′,’item_category’,’Java语言与面向对象程序设计’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘B03′,’item_category’,’2B铅笔’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘B04′,’item_category’,’HOTROCK
notebook’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘C01′,’item_unit’,’本’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘C02′,’item_unit’,’支’);
INSERT
INTO
t_data_dict(id,category,name)
values(‘C03′,’item_unit’,’箱’);
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