Linux远程Shell命令操作简介 (linux remsh)

Linux是一种广泛应用于服务器和个人电脑的操作系统。它的使用日益普及，其原因之一是Linux完全开放源代码许可证。因此，Linux是一个庞大且具有强大功能的操作系统，允许用户远程操作控制终端。

Shell是Linux操作系统的用户接口。它是一种命令行解释器，允许用户通过命令来控制操作系统。使用Shell命令，您可以在Linux中创建、编辑、删除文件等任务，同时也可以管理Linux系统中的用户权限和过程。

本文将介绍如何在Linux中远程使用Shell命令。如果您想远程连接到Linux服务器，执行命令并查看输出，那么请继续阅读本文。

Step 1. 安装SSH客户端软件

要远程连接到Linux服务器并使用Shell命令，您需要安装SSH客户端软件。大多数操作系统都附带有基本的SSH客户端，例如Linux和macOS，如果您使用的是Windows，需要下载并安装SSH客户端软件，例如PuTTY。

Step 2. 连接到远程Linux服务器

首先需要连接到远程Linux服务器。假设服务器IP地址为192.168.0.100，您可以打开SSH客户端软件，并输入以下命令：

$ ssh username@192.168.0.100

“username”代表您在Linux服务器上的用户名。在输入命令后，您将看到提示输入密码。输入密码后，您将成功登录到远程Linux服务器上。

Step 3. 在远程Linux服务器上执行Shell命令

一旦连接到远程Linux服务器，您可以使用Shell命令在服务器上执行任务。例如，要查看当前目录的内容，可以使用以下命令：

$ ls

执行此命令后，将显示当前目录中的所有文件和文件夹。

如果您想在远程Linux服务器上创建一个文件夹，则可以使用以下命令：

$ mkdir test_dir

在执行此命令后，将创建一个名为“test_dir”的文件夹。

如果您想编辑一个文件，则可以使用以下命令：

$ vi test.txt

在执行此命令后，将打开名为“test.txt”的文件以进行编辑。

远程Shell命令操作是Linux用户必须掌握的重要能力。通过远程连接到Linux服务器并使用Shell命令，您可以在服务器上执行任务，从而获得更多的控制力。对于更高级的操作，您可以学习Linux SHELL编程进一步深入学习Shell命令的使用方法，以实现复杂的任务。

相关问题拓展阅读：

• 哪个版本的Linux占硬盘空间最小？

哪个版本的Linux占硬盘空间最小？

硬盘不成问题，关键是老本本有没有光驱，如果没有，要拆硬盘，那就比较麻烦了。

还没有具体看过,呵呵.不过给你贴份我的收藏.

主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置

账号设置 HP-UX FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC)

密码文件 /etc/passwd

/tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/passwd

/etc/master.passwd /etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

组文件 /etc/group

/etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group

允许更大用户ID

允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/securetty

{console} /etc/ttys

{secure} /etc/default/login

{CONSOLE=/dev/console}

Nobody的UID1 & 65534(nobody4)

Nobody的GID -2(nogroup)& 65534(nogroup)

找回ROOT密码 >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

passwd root ok boot -s

passwd root boot cdrom -s

mkdir /tmp/a

mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a

vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow

创建新用户 useradd adduser Useradd

删除用孙局核户 userdel rmuser Userdel

列出用户 logins Logins

修改用户账号 usermod Usermod

账号设置 AIX Linux( RedHat )

密码文件 /etc/passwd

/etc/腊肆security/passwd /etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

组文件 /etc/group

/etc/security/group /etc/group

允许更大用户ID535

允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/security/user

{rlogin=true} /etc/securetty

{ttyp1}

Nobody的UID

Nobody的GID

找回ROOT密码 Boot from CD/Tape

Installation/Maintenance

Start Limited Shell

getrootfs hdisk0

vi /etc/security/passwd {lilo}

control-x

linux S

passwd root

{grub}

c

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot

passwd root

创建新用户 mkuser Useradd

删除用户 rmuser Userdel

列出用户 lsuser -f ALL

修改用户账号 chuser -a usermod

主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比

Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Root filesystem /则掘 {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a} / {/dev/vg00/lvol1}

Home Directory /home {/dev/hd1} /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}

/tmp {/dev/hd3} /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}

/usr {/dev/hd2} /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}

/var {/dev/hd9var} /var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}

Sample configuration files – /usr/newconfig

Directory Mappings Linux( RedHat ) Solaris Tru64

Root filesystem / {/dev/sda1} /{/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a}

Home Directory /export/home {dev/vx/dsk/home}

/tmp {dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}

/usr /usr {/dev/rz0g}

/var

Sample configuration files

主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令

General Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux(RedHat) Solaris Tru64

Unique host ID Hostid uname -i hostid hostid hostid

Administrator Smit Sam linuxconf admintool netconfig

Performance monitor Topas(有过top)

monitor top Top

glance Top top top

System activity reporter Sar sa Sar sar

Virtual Memory statistics Vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat

I/O statistics Iostat iostat iostat iostat iostat

Error logs alog -o -t boot

errpt dmesg dmesg Dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full

Physical RAM 1M TB 4TB 64GB{>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB

Shared Memory 64K TB 8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax

Process Data Space 384K TB 4TB 900 MB

Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b

Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap swap partition type 82 swap raw

Display swap size lsps –a swapinfo swapinfo -a Free swap -l swapon -s

Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置

Printers AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print /etc/lp/interface/*

Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd lpshut

Start LP startsrc -s lpd Lpd lpsched

Submit print jobs enq

lp

lpr

qprt Lp lp

LP statistics enq -A

lpq

lpstat

qchk Lpq lpstat

Remove print jobs cancel

lprm

qcan

enq –x Cancel

lprm cancel

Add printer queue it mkpq lpadmin -p pq

Remove Printer Q it rmpq lpadmin -x pq

Make default Prt export LPDEST=”pq” lpadmin -d pq

TCP/IP AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.config.d/netconf

Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts

Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf

Network parameters no –a Sysctl ndd -h

Routing daemon Gated Routed gated

NIC Configurations ifconfig –a ifconfig -a lanscan -v

Secondary IP Addr ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP

(solaris also)

Login prompt HERALD @

/etc/security/login.cfg telnetd –b /etc/issue

Increase the # of pseudo-terminals odmget -q “attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty” PdAt | sed “s/0-64/0-512/” |

odmchange -q “attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty” -o PdAt

chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P

reboot rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#

NSTRPY=#

reboot

insf -d ptys -n #

insf -d ptym -n #

insf -d pts -s # -e -v

Maximum # of ptys{MAXUSERS}

Remote Shell Remsh

rsh Rsh remsh

YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/in/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置 续

Printers Linux (Redhat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Printer Queues /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd

Stop LP /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /in/init.d/lpd stop

Start LP /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /in/init.d/lpd start

Submit print jobs Lpr Lp

lpr Lp

lpr

LP statistics Lpq Lpstat Lpstat

Remove print jobs Lprm Cancel

lprm cancel

lprm

Add printer queue Printtool lpadmin -p pq Lprsetup

Remove Printer Q lpadmin -x pq Lprsetup

Make default Prt lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER=”lp”

TCP/IP Linux( RedHat ) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Network IP configuration /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/hostname.*

/etc/inet/*

/etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config

Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts

Name service switch /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf

Network parameters sysctl -a | grep net Ndd /dev/ ?

Routing daemon routed in.routed routed

NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig –a ifconfig -a

Secondary IP Addr modprobe ip_alias

ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias

Login prompt /etc/issue BANNER @

/etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue

Increase the # of pseudo-terminals cd /dev

./MAKEDEV -v pty {/etc/system}

set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}

set npty = # {BSD}

{/etc/iu.ap}

ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat

halt

boot –r cd /dev

./MAKEDEV PTY_1

Maximum # of ptys {BSD}

{SYSV} 8192

Remote Shell rsh Rsh rsh

YP/NIS service binder /in/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/in/ypbin

主流服务器UNIX操作系统系统文件

System Files AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports

NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab /etc/xtab

Max File System 128 GBGB

Max File Size 64 GBGB

Max # File Descriptors 64 K 60~ K

System Files Linux (RedHat) Solaris Tru64

NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab

/etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports

NFS Client mounted directories /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab

Max File System 2 TB 1 TB

8000 TB {vxfs} 128 GB {= 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max File Size 2 GB {512B block size}

8192 GB {8KB block size} 1 TB

2 GB {== 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max # File Descriptors sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令

DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab

Free disk blocks df -k df -k Bdf

Device listing lsdev -C /in/ioscan

Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0 diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#

Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0 pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#

LVM Concepts Partition sub disk logical extents

Volume Volume logical volume

Plex

Volume group volume group

Journal Filesystem type jfs Vxfs

Default volume group /dev/rootvg /dev/vg00

Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg vgdisplay -v vg00

Modify physical volume chpv Pvchange

Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# pvcreate

List physical volume lspv vinum ld pvdisplay

Remove disk from volume group reducevg vgreduce

Move logical volumes to another physical volumes migratepv vinum move -f drive object pvmove

Create volume group mkvg vgcreate

Remove volume group vgremove

Volume group availability chvg

varyonvg

varyoffvg vgchange

Restore volume group vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group exportvg vgexport

Imports volume group importvg vgimport

Volume group listing lsvg Vgscan 是一样的么？

Change logical volume characteristics chlv lvchange

List logical volume lslv vinum lv lvdisplay

Make logical volume mklv lvcreate

Extend logical volume extendlv lvextend

Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV Lvreduce 如何用？

Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol lvremove

Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal lvlnboot

Remove boot volumes lvrmboot

Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8

fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt

Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy lvsplit

Merge mirrors lvmerge

Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive lvcreate -m 1

Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2 lvextend -m 1

Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive lvcreate -i 3 -I 64

System recovery tape mksy -i /dev/rmt0 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery

Backup savevg -i rootvg vinum saveconfig fbackup

Restore restvg frecover

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令 续

DISK/LVM Commands Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Filesystem table /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab

Free disk blocks df -k df –k df -k

Device listing cat /proc/devices Sysdef

Disk information cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d#

format>current

format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c

Disk Label fdisk -l Prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0

LVM Concepts logical extents sub disk sub disk

logical volume Volume Volume

Plex Plex

volume group disk group disk group

Journal Filesystem type ext2 居然是jfs的？ Vxfs Advfs 居然是jfs的？

Default volume group /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg

居然有 vg？ /dev/vol/rootdg

居然有 vg？

Display volume group vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg

Modify physical volume pvchange

Prepare physical disk pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd

List physical volume pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl

Remove disk from volume group vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk

Move logical volumes to another physical volumes pvmove vxassist move volassist move

Create volume group vgcreate vxdg init voldg init

Remove volume group vgremove

Volume group availability vgchange

Restore volume group vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport

Imports volume group vgimport vxdg import voldg import

Volume group listing vgscan

Change logical volume characteristics lvchange vxedit set voledit set

List logical volume lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl

Make logical volume lvcreate vxassist make volassist make

Extend logical volume lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto

Reduce logical volume lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto

Remove logical volume lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1

Prepare boot volumes lilo vxbootsetup

Remove boot volumes

Extend File system resize2fs vxva

mkfs -M

Reduce/Split mirrors lvsplit

Merge mirrors lvmerge

Create mirrors vxassist mirror volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true

Add mirrors

Create striped volumes lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe

System recovery tape /usr/sys/bin/btcreate

Backup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump

Restore tar xvf /dev/rst0

这一列对不对？ ufsrestore vrestore

主流服务器UNIX操作系统安装与卸载

Software AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Install Software installp -a pkg_add swinstall

Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete swremove

List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a swlist

Verify installed software lppchk -v swlist -l fileset -a state

List all files lslpp -f fileset pkg_info -L package swlist -l file fileset

List installed patches instfix -i swlist -l patch

what /stand/vmunix

Package owner lslpp -w path swlist -l file | grep path

SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg /var/adm/sw/

Software Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Install Software rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l

Uninstall software rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d

List installed software rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i

Verify installed software rpm -V package pkginfo -i

pkginfo -p setld -v

List all files rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package

List installed patches patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch

Package owner rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path

SW Directory /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/logs

主流服务器UNIX操作系统技术支持信息

Links AIX HP-UX Linux (RedHat)

FAQ AIX-FAQ

HP-UX FAQ 这个和我知道的一个？ LINUX FAQ

Online Manual AIX 4.3 Books

HP-UX 11.00 Collection

Linux Documentation Project

Technical Support RS/6000 TechSupport

IT Resource Center

Red Hat support

Phone NumberCALL-AIXREDHAT1

Free Software Bull

HP-UX Ports

Linux Software Map

Certification

www.ibm.com

education.hp.com

RHCE

Links FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

FAQ FreeBSD FAQ

Solaris 2 FAQ

Tru64 FAQ

Online Manual FreeBSD Hand Book

Solaris 7 Documentation

Tru64 Documents

Technical Support SunSolve

Alpha Systems Support

Phone NumberUSA-4SUN

Free Software FreeBSD Primary Site

Sun Freeware

Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware

Certification suned.sun.com

ASE Information

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令

MISC AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc /in/rc

Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel /stand/vmunix

Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a sysdef kmtune kmsystem

Reconfigure the kernel

chdev -l sys0 -a cd /sys/i386/conf

vi KERNEL

config KERNEL

cd ../../compile\

/KERNEL

make depend

make

make install cd /stand/build\

/usr/lbin/sysadm\

/system_prep -v -s system

vi system

mk_kernel -s system

cd /stand

mv system system.prev

mv vmunix vmunix.prev

mv dlkm dlkm.prev

mv /stand/build\

/system system

kmupdate /stand/build\

/vmunix_test

List modules genkex kldstat kmadmin –s

Load module kldload kmadmin –L

Unload module kldunload kmadmin –U

Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall set_parms initial

Physical RAM bootinfo -r sysctl hw.phyem grep -i Physical\ /var/adm/syslog\

/syslog.log

Kernel Bits bootinfo -k getconf KERNEL_BITS

Crash utility Crash crash Adb

Trace System Calls Syscalls truss tusc

Machine model uname -m

bootinfo -m uname -m model

uname -m

OS Level Oslevel uname -r uname -r

Run Level who –r who -r

Core dump files /var/adm/ras /var/adm/crash

Boot single user Key on service mode/F4

Boot from CD/Tape

Select Maintenance

Limited function Shell ok boot –s >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

Maintenance mode ok boot –as >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -lm

Interrupt Key control-B

Return to console Co

Timezone Management /etc/environment

/etc/profile /etc/localtime /etc/TIMEZONE

NTP Daemon

如何用它？ /etc/ntp.conf

startsrc -s xntpd /etc/rc.conf {xntpd enable=”YES”}

/etc/rc.network /etc/rc.config.d\

/netdaemons

/in/init.d/xntpd

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令 续

MISC Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Startup script /etc/rc.d/rc /in/init.d /in/init.d

Kernel /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix

Kernel Parameters sysctl -a sysdef –I sysconfig dxkerneltuner

Reconfigure the kernel cd /usr/src/linux

make mrproper

make menuconfig

make dep;clean;bzImage;install

make modules

make modules_install

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz

mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4

vi /etc/lilo.conf

lilo vi /etc/system

reboot doconfig

List modules lod modinfo

Load module inod modload

Unload module rmmod modunload

Initialize system netconf sys-unconfig netsetup

Physical RAM free prtconf uerf | grep memory

Kernel Bits getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64

Crash utility lcrash

crash kdbx

Trace System Calls strace truss trace

Machine model uname -m uname -imp uname -p

OS Level uname -r uname -r sizer -v

Run Level runlevel who -r who -r

Core dump files /var/crash/`uname -n`

Boot single user {lilo}

control-x

linux S

{grub}

c

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot ok boot -s >>> boot -fl s

Maintenance mode ok boot -as

Interrupt Key Stop-A control-P

Return to console ok go

Timezone Management /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/TIMEZONE

/etc/default/init /etc/svid3_tz

timezone

NTP Daemon /etc/ntp.conf

/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/inet/ntp.conf

/etc/init.d/xntpd rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES

/in/init.d/xntpd

主流服务器UNIX操作系统设备管理

Devices AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Devices /dev /dev /dev

Install devices for attached peripherals cfgmgr –v /dev/MAKEDEV insf -e

Remove device rmdev –l rmsf

Device drivers Lscfg lsdev

CPU lsdev -Cc processor sysctl hw.model ioscan -fnC processor

List Terminal lsdev -Cc tty ioscan -fnC tty

Diagnostics Diag pciconf -l Stm

Whole Disk /dev/hdisk# /dev/ad0s1c /dev/dsk/c#t#d0

CDROM /dev/cd0 /dev/acd0c /dev/dsk/c#t2d0

CDROM file type Cdrfs cd9660 Cdfs

Rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0 /dev/rwt0d /dev/rmt/0m

Floppy drive /dev/rfd0 /dev/fd0 –

Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0.1 /dev/nrwt0d /dev/rmt/0mn

Devices Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Devices /dev /devices /dev

Install devices for attached peripherals /dev/MAKEDEV drvconfig

devlinks

disks

tapes

ports scu scan edt

scsimgr -scan_all

Remove device rem_drv

Device drivers prtconf -D

CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo psrinfo -v psrinfo -v

List Terminal pmadm -l

Diagnostics /usr/platform/`uname -m`/

in/prtdiag

ok test-all

/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts

Whole Disk /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2 /dev/rz0c

CDROM /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 /dev/rz3c

CDROM file type iso9660 hsfs cdfs

Rewinding tape drive /dev/rst0 {c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rmt0

Floppy drive /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette /dev/fd0c

Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/nrst0 {c 9 128} /dev/rmt/0n /dev/nrmt0

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