精准的查询建立Oracle位图索引(oracle位图索引建立)

精准的查询:建立Oracle位图索引

在数据库中,索引是重要的工具之一。通过对表中数据建立索引,可以大大提高查询的速度。Oracle数据库提供了多种类型的索引,其中包括位图索引。

位图索引指的是将列值转换成二进制位,然后建立索引。以某一列的不同取值作为索引建立二进制位排列,每个位代表索引列中一个可能的取值。位图索引只适用于具有少量不同值的列。

建立位图索引之前,需要考虑以下几个因素:

1. 索引列的类型:位图索引适用于列有限制的列类型。常用的列类型包括数字列(NUMBER)和字符列(VARCHAR2)。

2. 数据的分布:位图索引适用于具有指定值分布的列。当索引列的值分布不均匀时,位图索引的效果会降低。

3. 查询模式:位图索引适用于高选择性查询,即对索引列进行值的精确匹配查询。如果查询模式的选择性很低,那么位图索引的效果也会受到影响。

建立位图索引的步骤如下:

1. 创建表格:

CREATE TABLE employee
(
employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
employee_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
department_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
job_title VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(8, 2) NOT NULL
);

2. 插入数据:

INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 10, 'Manager', 80000);

INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (2, 'Jane Smith', 10, 'Analyst', 60000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (3, 'Bob Johnson', 20, 'Clerk', 30000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (4, 'Lisa Adams', 20, 'Analyst', 55000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (5, 'Mike Roberts', 30, 'Manager', 90000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (6, 'Sara Davis', 30, 'Analyst', 60000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (7, 'Tom Wilson', 40, 'Clerk', 28000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (8, 'Amy White', 40, 'Manager', 85000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (9, 'Mark Brown', 50, 'Clerk', 32000);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id, job_title, salary)
VALUES (10, 'Lucy Lee', 50, 'Analyst', 65000);

3. 创建位图索引:

CREATE BITMAP INDEX idx_department_id ON employee (department_id);

4. 查询数据:

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE department_id = 10;

5. 分析执行计划:

EXPLN PLAN FOR SELECT * FROM employee WHERE department_id = 10;
SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);

执行计划如下:

Plan hash value: 3819769195
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 53 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMPLOYEE | 1 | 53 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS| | | | | |
|* 3 | BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE| IDX_DEPARTMENT_ID| | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("DEPARTMENT_ID"=10)
3 - access("DEPARTMENT_ID"=10)
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

从执行计划可以看出,查询使用了位图索引,效果显著。

通过以上的例子,我们可以看到,位图索引可以提高查询的效率,尤其是在高选择性查询中。但是需要注意的是,位图索引的效果还受到其他因素的影响,如索引列的类型、数据的分布、查询模式等。在实际使用中,需要仔细评估是否适用位图索引。


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