Linux下Fortran编程入门：F77实践指南（linuxf77）

Introduction

Linux is a popular operating system providing a powerful environment to develop applications. Programming with Fortran in Linux is a great way to leverage its advantages. Fortran is especially suitable for scientific and engineering computing due to its memory management and vectorization. This guide introduces Linux users to the basics of Fortran programming with the F77 compiler.

Getting Started

In order to program with Fortran in a Linux environment you must have a working copy of the compiler installed. If your distribution does not include a package for the F77 compiler, you can download it from the GNU Compiler Collection website. After extracting the package, you must install it with the following command:

$ ./configure

$ make

$ sudo make install

After installation, you must add the path ‘/usr/local/bin’ to your PATH variable:

$ export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

Now you are ready to compile and run a Fortran program.

Your First Program

The first step to mastering Fortran programming is to write and compile a simple program. Let’s create a program named hello.f:

program hello

print *,”Hello, World!”

end

Now we can compile the program using the following command:

$ f77 hello.f –o hello

This command will generate an executable file named ‘hello’. Run the program using the following command:

$ ./hello

Hello, World!

Congratulations! You have written and compiled your first Fortran program.

Fundamentals

When programming in Fortran, there are a few important concepts to keep in mind. Program structure, input/output, and memory management are all essential concepts. Understanding these concepts can help you write better programs.

Program Structure

Fortran programs are structured with function blocks, comments, and global data. Comments are used to help explain the code and are marked by an exclamation point (!). Variables must be declared before they can be used and their type must be indicated.

Input and Output

Fortran programs use the PRINT and READ statements for input and output. These statements are used to print messages to the screen and to read data from files.

Memory Management

Fortran programs use memory to store variables, constants, and arrays. Every time a program is run, memory is allocated and deallocated. It is important to be mindful of the amount of memory being used in order to avoid memory leaks and errors.

Conclusion

Learning Fortran programming can be a bit daunting at first, but with practice and experience, mastering this language will become much easier. This guide aimed to introduce users to the basics of Fortran programming in Linux with the F77 compiler. With the knowledge provided in this guide, you should be able to write and compile your first Fortran programs.