数据恢复 教你Oracle重建控制文件的教程

前言

控制文件(control file)是一个相当小的文件(最多能增长到64M左右),其中包含Oracle需要的其他文件的一个目录。参数文件告知实例控制文件的位置,控制文件则告知示例数据库和在线重做日志文件的位置。控制文件还告知了Oracle其他一些事情,如已发生检查点的有关信息、数据库名(必须和db_name参数匹配)、创建数据库的时间戳、归档重做日志的历史(有时这会让控制文件变大)、RMAN信息等。

环境:OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5

背景:在Oracle的运维过程中,时常会遇到一些场景是需要重建控制文件才可以解决的。本文的场景可以通过复制控制文件到新路径,运行一段时间后,再用老的控制文件启动数据库重现。

1.当前故障现象

在使用旧的控制文件启动数据库时,报错ORA-01122、ORA-01110、ORA-01207:

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf’
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file – old control file

2.分析故障原因

根据报错信息查找MOS文档:

ORA-1122, ORA-1110, ORA-1207 while open the database after crash (文档 ID 283927.1)

延伸思考一下,为什么会这样?

主要错误是ORA-01207,利用oerr工具看到Oralce对这个错误的详细描述是:

01207, 00000, “file is more recent than control file – old control file”
// *Cause:  The control file change sequence number in the data file is
//         greater than the number in the control file. This implies that
//         the wrong control file is being used. Note that repeatedly causing
//         this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real
//         problem. Every attempt to open the database will advance the
//         control file change sequence number until it is great enough.
// *Action: Use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to
//         make the control file current. Be sure to follow all restrictions
//         on doing a backup control file recovery.

一般遇到这种情况,当前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考虑重建控制文件来解决,MOS给出的建议也是重建控制文件。

3.重建控制文件

重建控制文件的核心步骤:

3.1 备份控制文件到trace

startup mount
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
oradebug setmypid
oradebug tracefile_name

3.2 启动数据库到nomount状态

shutdown abort
startup nomount;

3.3 确认重建控制文件的语句

vi control.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE “CXYWDB” NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 5 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log’ SIZE 50M,
GROUP 6 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log’ SIZE 50M,
GROUP 7 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log’ SIZE 50M
— STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
‘/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf’
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

3.4 恢复并打开数据库

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

附:实际解决过程如下:

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trc
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
SQL> @control

Control file created.
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
————
MOUNTED

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

总结

前言

控制文件(control file)是一个相当小的文件(最多能增长到64M左右),其中包含Oracle需要的其他文件的一个目录。参数文件告知实例控制文件的位置,控制文件则告知示例数据库和在线重做日志文件的位置。控制文件还告知了Oracle其他一些事情,如已发生检查点的有关信息、数据库名(必须和db_name参数匹配)、创建数据库的时间戳、归档重做日志的历史(有时这会让控制文件变大)、RMAN信息等。

环境:OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5

背景:在Oracle的运维过程中,时常会遇到一些场景是需要重建控制文件才可以解决的。本文的场景可以通过复制控制文件到新路径,运行一段时间后,再用老的控制文件启动数据库重现。

1.当前故障现象

在使用旧的控制文件启动数据库时,报错ORA-01122、ORA-01110、ORA-01207:

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf’
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file – old control file

2.分析故障原因

根据报错信息查找MOS文档:

ORA-1122, ORA-1110, ORA-1207 while open the database after crash (文档 ID 283927.1)

延伸思考一下,为什么会这样?

主要错误是ORA-01207,利用oerr工具看到Oralce对这个错误的详细描述是:

01207, 00000, “file is more recent than control file – old control file”
// *Cause:  The control file change sequence number in the data file is
//         greater than the number in the control file. This implies that
//         the wrong control file is being used. Note that repeatedly causing
//         this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real
//         problem. Every attempt to open the database will advance the
//         control file change sequence number until it is great enough.
// *Action: Use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to
//         make the control file current. Be sure to follow all restrictions
//         on doing a backup control file recovery.

一般遇到这种情况,当前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考虑重建控制文件来解决,MOS给出的建议也是重建控制文件。

3.重建控制文件

重建控制文件的核心步骤:

3.1 备份控制文件到trace

startup mount
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
oradebug setmypid
oradebug tracefile_name

3.2 启动数据库到nomount状态

shutdown abort
startup nomount;

3.3 确认重建控制文件的语句

vi control.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE “CXYWDB” NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 5 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log’ SIZE 50M,
GROUP 6 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log’ SIZE 50M,
GROUP 7 ‘/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log’ SIZE 50M
— STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
‘/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf’,
‘/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf’
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

3.4 恢复并打开数据库

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

附:实际解决过程如下:

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trc
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2098112 bytes
Variable Size 218106944 bytes
Database Buffers 373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes
SQL> @control

Control file created.
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
————
MOUNTED

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对的支持。


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